Abstract: This article explores the critical role of expatriate management in multinational corporations (MNCs), highlighting the challenges and strategies for successful expatriate assignments. It discusses the importance of investing in expatriate practices, particularly during the early stages of a subsidiary's development, to bridge skill gaps and ensure smooth operations. Key strategies for selecting expatriate staff, managing family-related challenges, and preparing expatriates for assignments are examined. The article also emphasizes the need for collaboration between MNCs and host countries to support expatriates' work-life balance through policies on healthcare, education, and family integration. Moreover, it addresses the career prospects for returning expatriates and proposes sustainable approaches for MNCs to retain talent and foster long-term success. By adopting these strategies, MNCs can enhance expatriate satisfaction, improve global operations, and ensure sustainable career development for their employees. Read More

Abstract: As carbon emissions continue to increase, forest carbon sinks can effectively neutralize carbon emissions, and predicting the potential of forest carbon sinks is of great significance to the achievement of the “double carbon” goal. In view of this, the forest carbon sink in the study area was calculated using the forest stock expansion method based on the national forest inventory data. On this basis, future forest carbon sinks were simulated and trended using a gray prediction GM (1, 1) model. The results show that the national and provincial forest carbon sinks are in an increasing trend from 2019-2028, with differences in forest carbon sinks in different provinces. Therefore, in the construction and management of forests in the future, we should comprehensively combine the geographic characteristics of different regions in China, follow the principle of adapting to local conditions, reasonably formulate forestry development plans for each region, give full play to the radiating role of provinces rich in forest carbon sinks, make full use of the advanced experience of their forest carbon sinks, improve the quality of existing forests, promote the enhancement of the function of forest carbon sinks, and effectively drive the development of forest carbon sinks in other regions, so as to promote the realization of China's “dual-carbon” goal. Read More

Abstract: This study explores the main factors influencing consumers' decisions to purchase sneakers through unofficial channels and how these factors affect their purchasing intentions. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods, including surveys and interviews, the study finds that price and product scarcity are the key driving factors. However, consumers generally have low trust in these unofficial channels. To enhance consumer trust and purchasing intentions, it is recommended that unofficial channels strengthen quality control while maintaining competitive pricing and product availability. Read More

Abstract: This essay explores the significant impact of digital transformation on marketing strategies over the next decade. As digital technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and machine learning, continue to evolve, businesses are increasingly able to personalize marketing messages and improve customer engagement. The use of AI enables marketers to predict consumer behaviors and trends, optimizing advertising campaigns and product offerings. Big data analytics plays a crucial role in understanding customer preferences and behaviors, allowing for more targeted and data-driven marketing efforts. The integration of AI, big data, and predictive analytics also facilitates personalized content, driving customer loyalty and improving marketing efficiency. The essay further examines how advancements in AI-powered tools, including virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), will contribute to immersive and interactive marketing experiences. Ultimately, the paper underscores the growing reliance on digital transformation to create personalized marketing strategies that align with evolving consumer needs and expectations. Read More

Abstract: This paper constructs theoretical game models to explore the joint effects of tax rate disparity and consumers’ strategic purchasing behavior on brand’s foreign market encroachment strategy and the downstream enterprises’ pricing strategy, as well as supply chain members’ profit. Results show that (1) Under selling subsidiary encroachment, uniform pricing strategy is only adopted when strategic consumers’ patience level is relatively high and the tax rate disparity is sufficiently low. Under retail encroachment, the retailer prefers dynamic pricing strategy when strategic consumers’ patience level is relatively low, and uniform pricing strategy otherwise. (2) When dynamic pricing strategy is chosen, a larger tax rate disparity can benefit the selling subsidiary and higher strategic consumers’ patience level may benefit both the brand and the selling subsidiary. (3) When strategic consumers’ patience level is relatively low, with sufficiently large tax rate disparity, the brand would always choose retail encroachment strategy. With relatively small tax rate disparity, the brand may choose the selling subsidiary encroachment if the establishing cost is not so high, and retail encroachment otherwise. However, when strategic consumers’ patience level is relatively high, the brand may also choose selling subsidiary encroachment strategy even if the tax rate disparity is not that high, regardless of what the establishing cost is. This is probably due to retailer’s dynamic pricing strategy can bring more demand than the selling subsidiary’s uniform pricing strategy does. Read More

Abstract: With the deepening implementation of the centralized drug procurement policy in China, procurement efficiency has significantly improved, and the economic burden of medication on the public has been alleviated. Meanwhile, the structure and operational environment of the pharmaceutical supply chain have undergone notable changes. This study analyzes the emerging pharmaceutical supply chain structures under the centralized procurement model, summarizes the causes of pharmaceutical supply chain vulnerability based on previous research, and employs a system dynamics causal model to examine the causal relationships and influence pathways among these factors. The study identifies the vulnerability drivers at key nodes, including active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) suppliers, pharmaceutical manufacturers, public healthcare institutions, and retail pharmacies. Finally, it proposes reasonable strategies for enterprises to address pharmaceutical supply chain vulnerability from both preventive and mitigating perspectives. Read More

Abstract: This study examines the role of government intervention in China's high-tech industrialization, highlighting the challenges and market failures that hinder sustainable growth. China's rapid industrialization and technological progress are guided by government policies, yet issues such as misaligned roles, inconsistent implementation, and innovation system delays remain barriers. The paper draws on successful practices from developed nations to propose strategic adjustments that optimize governmental support for high-tech industries. Key strategies include addressing energy, resource, and environmental constraints through technological innovation and policy adjustments. Emphasizing an enterprise-centric approach, the study advocates for dynamic government intervention tailored to China’s unique context, ensuring a balance between market forces and state support. These recommendations are crucial for transforming China’s economic growth model into a more sustainable and resilient system of high-tech industrialization. Read More

Abstract: At present, there are core bottlenecks in the carbon emission accounting of high-energy-consuming enterprises in my country, such as system out-of-focus, data governance defects, and capacity building imbalances. It is urgent to take systematic optimization measures to improve the accuracy of carbon accounting, data transparency, and management efficiency. Through the successful practice of leading domestic companies, this study summarizes three major paths: technology empowerment, system innovation, and adaptation solutions for small and medium-sized enterprises, providing realistic and feasible solutions to solve carbon accounting problems. Read More

Abstract: In the era of digital economy, regional industrial collaborative development has become an important path to enhance regional comprehensive competitiveness and achieve high-quality economic development. With the development of digital technology, the demand for digital technology in regional resource sharing, industrial linkage and economic structure optimization is increasing. Digital technology, with its powerful information integration and technology driving capabilities, provides an important driving force for regional industrial collaborative development. At present, regional industrial development faces bottlenecks such as low efficiency of traditional resource allocation and insufficient collaboration of industrial chains, and urgently needs transformation. Starting from the inherent connection between digital economy and regional economic collaborative development, this paper analyzes the innovations of regional industrial collaborative development driven by digital economy, such as resource allocation efficiency, driving force of multi-industry linkage, inclusiveness of economic development, and flexibility of dynamic adjustment and optimization. It also proposes paths such as building collaborative platforms, optimizing digital infrastructure, promoting industrial transformation and developing sharing economic mechanisms, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for regional industries to achieve sustainable collaborative development. Read More

Abstract: Crisis events, characterized by unpredictability, urgency, and critical turning points, test the competence and resilience of leaders. This paper explores the multifaceted role of leaders in navigating crises, highlighting key strategies such as cultivating the right mindset, forming crisis management teams, and maintaining a keen perspective. Effective crisis leadership entails managing internal and external organizational challenges, fostering clear communication, and leveraging crises to strengthen team cohesion and public trust. Additionally, leaders must anticipate crises through institutionalized and technical prevention systems, enabling proactive responses to potential disruptions. The discussion emphasizes the importance of charismatic leadership, decisive action, and continuous learning to transform crises into opportunities for organizational growth. By integrating these principles, leaders can mitigate negative impacts and build robust, adaptable organizations capable of thriving in uncertainty. Read More

Abstract: Advancements in technology have reshaped consumer purchasing behavior in e-commerce, with live streaming commerce in China increasingly driven by opinion leaders. This study examines their influence on purchase intention, focusing on platforms like Taobao Live, Douyin, and Kuaishou. Findings reveal that opinion leaders enhance perceived product value and reduce adoption barriers. Their fame boosts purchase intention among consumers favoring recognized figures, while professionalism strengthens trust in their recommendations. Community engagement via social media further amplifies this effect. As live streaming transforms e-commerce, consumers must discern credible influencers amid abundant marketing messages. This research offers practical insights for digital marketing professionals in China’s evolving market. Read More

Abstract: This paper investigates the effect of corporate green bond issuance on ESG performance by Chinese listed companies from 2006 to 2021, and evidence of a significant positive effect is obtained after processing using the CSDID method. Moreover, there is a long-term effect of this effect, which continues to affect the growth of ESG performance of companies. Meanwhile, this article deconstructs ESG into sub-indicators and examines the promotion effect on each sub-indicator, and finds that green bonds have the most obvious promotion effect on environmental performance, followed by governance effect, but no significant promotion effect on social responsibility undertaking. Finally, the article puts forward some relevant suggestions for possible contributions based on the above findings. Read More

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound economic consequences globally, and China’s response to the crisis, through strict public health measures and adaptive financial policies, offers valuable insights into managing market instability. This article examines the financial and economic disruptions caused by the pandemic in China, with a focus on the stock market, bond market, SMEs, and commodity prices. While the stringent lockdowns, particularly in Shanghai, exacerbated market volatility, China’s proactive fiscal and monetary measures, including liquidity injections and targeted fiscal relief, helped mitigate some of the economic fallout. The article also contrasts China's accommodative stance with more aggressive austerity measures in other parts of the world, highlighting the implications for long-term economic stability. The findings emphasize the importance of adaptive, forward-thinking monetary policies in responding to global crises and fostering resilience in national economies. Moving forward, the focus on sustainable economic growth and financial system stability will be essential for post-pandemic recovery. Read More

Abstract: At this stage, with the treacherous situation of international economic and trade relations, the trend of anti-globalization and the resurgence of trade protectionism, the traditional global multilateral trade negotiation system within the framework of the world trade organization is blocked, and a new pattern of the world economy with bilateral trade cooperation and regional economic integration as the main body is taking shape. China's formulation and deepening of digital trade rules is an important factor in realizing the leap in the embedded status of the global value chain. Only by fully understanding the game situation of global digital trade rules can we find out the pain points and difficulties of China in the negotiation of digital trade rules. The game focus of International Digital Trade Rules Negotiation mainly involves four aspects: tariff barriers, non-tariff barriers, consumer rights protection and digital trade facilitation. The current digital trade rule templates of developed countries such as the United States, Japan and Europe have some problems, such as the difficulty in dividing the ownership of tax rights and profits, the "two-level differentiation" of data value-added, the "catch-up trap" of low-end contract manufacturers, and the "technology gap" between chain owners and local enterprises in the global value chain. In this regard, it is suggested to establish and improve the data element market system, establish a supporting system for digital trade tax supervision, establish a support system conducive to the development of key digital technology industries, strengthen the talent agglomeration effect, promote the in-depth cooperation between industry, University and Research Institute, deeply tap the interests of the agreement, focus on the key nodes of the network, pool the rule consensus of developing countries, deepen the research on key digital trade rule issues, and explore a win-win model with developed countries. Read More

Abstract: This study takes cultural topology reconstruction as a perspective, constructs a game localization marketing strategy model based on Hofstede's theory of cultural dimensions, and analyzes Blizzard's game Chineseization practice as a case study. It is found that effective game localization is a deep-level cultural reconstruction process, and the collectivism and power distance dimensions have a significant impact on the Chinese market. Cultural topology reconstruction strategies include four categories: retention, adaptation, innovation and substitution. The successful case of Blizzard shows that the ideal cultural reconstruction should balance originality and local adaptability, and adopt progressive adjustment strategies to make localization a dynamic evolutionary process. Read More

Abstract: This paper analyzes the legal case of State of Montana v. Richard (Rick) Brandt, focusing on his fraudulent activities from 2011 to 2015. Brandt exploited the elderly, embezzled public funds, sold unregistered securities, and ran a Ponzi scheme through his company, Home Investors LLC. The paper examines the criminal aspects of his actions and their broader social and economic impacts, particularly the vulnerability of the elderly in financial transactions. It also explores how legal frameworks determine whether multiple crimes can be combined, using Brandt’s conviction for five crimes as a case study. The paper employs a Venn diagram to visualize the overlap of elements in different offenses, highlighting factors like intent, circumstances, and statutory definitions. Additionally, it discusses the effects of Ponzi schemes on public trust and investor confidence, advocating for stronger regulatory measures and protections for vulnerable populations. Finally, the paper provides insights into how legal systems handle financial fraud, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive oversight in financial markets to prevent future fraud. Read More

Abstract: This paper discusses the role and influence of large language model (LLM) in the optimization of financial investment strategy from the perspective of humanities and social sciences. By reviewing the evolution of investment behavior, psychology, and LLM, the paper builds a theoretical framework for understanding how these advanced technologies can help investors make more informed decisions. In particular, this paper emphasizes the importance of LLM as an information intermediary, which can interpret and integrate information from financial news, social media and other channels to help investors better grasp market sentiment and facilitate exchanges and interactions among investors. Further, the paper analyzes the ethical principles and social responsibilities that should be considered when applying LLM to investments, and proposes a new investment paradigm of human-machine collaboration, in which human intelligence and technical capabilities complement each other. Finally, the paper looks forward to the impact of technological progress and social change on financial markets, and discusses the challenges and opportunities brought about by the integration of different cultures and technologies in the context of globalization. This study not only provides policy makers with recommendations on the responsible application of technology, but also points the way for future research aimed at promoting a more transparent, fair and efficient financial environment. Read More

Abstract: This paper explores the evolving role of strategic marketing management in the highly competitive and globally integrated market environment. It highlights the importance of the STP (Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning) model in crafting effective marketing strategies for long-term sustainability. The article outlines the significance of market segmentation, where companies divide markets into smaller, manageable units to better cater to consumer needs, and the benefits of targeting specific consumer segments based on purchasing power and preferences. The paper further discusses the process of positioning products in the minds of consumers, emphasizing how a product’s unique qualities can create a strong competitive edge. Using the STP model, the paper provides insights into how businesses can navigate market trends and adapt their marketing strategies to sustain growth and enhance profitability in the coming decade. Overall, the article stresses that well-executed marketing strategies are vital for companies aiming to thrive in an increasingly competitive global marketplace. Read More

Abstract: The digital economy (DE) on China's regional economic equilibrium development strategy is evident. This study measures the DE development level in 30 Chinese provinces from 2007 to 2022 and analyzes its spatial-temporal pattern, transition probability, obstacles, and dynamic convergence. The result found that: (1) The level of China's DE development has significant polarisation characteristics, with the eastern part of the country significantly higher than the rest of the country and a multipolar phenomenon; (2) The DE in the northeastern region is experiencing a downward trend; (3) The regional disparity serves as the primary source of spatiotemporal differences in China's DE; (4) The main obstacles to the development of the DE include the primary operating income from the manufacturing of communication equipment, computers, and other electronic devices, revenue from software services, and the number of patent grants; (5) There is significant spatial β-convergence between regions and provinces in China. Building on these findings, this study enriches and enhances the measurement of China's digital economic level and spatial convergence research, offering valuable decision-making insights for China's DE and regional development. Read More

Abstract: With the increasing status of specialized farmer cooperatives, the research on the protection of members' rights and interests has gradually become a key focus. On the one hand, protecting members' rights and interests is crucial to the development of cooperatives, and relevant laws in China have stipulated provisions regarding members' rights and the distribution of benefits. However, there are still many current issues, such as the ineffective implementation of members' common rights and inadequate protection of their individual rights. As a result, the paper proposes corresponding countermeasures: starting from optimizing the general meeting system for members, strengthening the supervisory functions of the supervisory board, and improving the surplus distribution system, it aims to consolidate the protection of members' common rights, enhance the protection of their individual rights, and promote the steady operation of cooperatives. Read More

Abstract: In recent years, research on production workshop layout optimization has advanced rapidly in the context of intelligent manufacturing, with the integration of traditional Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) and intelligent algorithms emerging as a mainstream trend. This paper reviews the latest developments in workshop layout optimization, including: (1) The fusion of SLP and intelligent algorithms (e.g., genetic algorithms, sparrow search algorithm, particle swarm optimization), significantly improving logistics efficiency and non-logistics relationships; (2) The application of digital twins and immersive technologies (VR/AI), enabling dynamic adaptive adjustments and human-machine interaction validation; (3) The gradual incorporation of safety and sustainability factors into layout optimization. However, existing research still faces limitations such as insufficient dynamic adaptability, inadequate consideration of human factors, and lack of green metrics. To address these gaps, this paper proposes an "Intelligent-Human-Green" (IHG) collaborative optimization framework, combining dynamic multi-objective intelligent algorithms (e.g., a hybrid sparrow search-NSGA-III algorithm), VR-based human-factor safety assessment, and lifecycle carbon emission quantification. This framework aims to advance workshop layouts toward autonomous decision-making, dynamic adaptation, and sustainability. It holds significant potential for applications in discrete manufacturing, food and pharmaceutical industries, and high-risk workshops, with expected improvements of 25% in logistics efficiency, over 10% reduction in carbon emissions, and enhanced safety responsiveness. Read More

Abstract: With the increasingly fierce competition in the dairy market and the diversification of consumer demands, it is required that business operators must place customer needs and satisfaction at the core, construct customer-oriented marketing strategies, improve business operations, and promote sustainable development of enterprises. This paper takes Yiming True Fresh Milk Bar as an example to explore the problems in its marketing strategy and propose corresponding marketing strategy optimization measures. I hope that through this case study, it can help with the enterprise to continuously adapt to new market environments, determine new customer-oriented marketing strategies, and provide reference for optimizing marketing strategies for similar small and medium-sized dairy product enterprises. Read More

Abstract: This study investigates the security assurance mechanisms for government data within the digital rule-of-law framework, addressing emerging challenges in data governance under rapid technological advancement. Through systematic analysis of China's evolving data security legislation, the research identifies structural deficiencies in current administrative data protection systems, particularly in risk assessment protocols and accountability implementation. Comparative examination reveals divergent governance models from the United States' sectoral approach to the EU's comprehensive GDPR framework and the UK's post-Brexit regulatory adjustments, providing multidimensional references for institutional optimization. The proposed policy recommendations emphasize establishing dynamic risk evaluation mechanisms and strengthening multi-tiered supervision systems, while advocating for enhanced interdepartmental coordination and technological empowerment in security governance. These findings contribute to the theoretical development of digital government governance and offer practical pathways for improving data security management in public administration. The research outcomes hold significant implications for advancing legal frameworks in the digital governance era and strengthening institutional safeguards for national data sovereignty. Read More

Abstract: As Artificial Intelligence (AI) continues to merge with the tourism industry, AI-integrated workplaces place higher demands on employee occupational competence. However, existing research has paid insufficient attention to how AI factors affect occupational competence and the moderating role of organizational culture in this process. Taking the tourism industry in Nanjing as a background, this study initially explores the impact of factors such as AI training on occupational competence and analyses the moderating effect of organizational culture. Preliminary analysis of the questionnaire data reveals that factors such as AI training significantly enhance occupational competence; organizational culture has a significant moderating affect that. After preliminary testing, the reliability validity and correlation values have met the criteria. There is a positive correlation between the variables. The study enriches the theoretical framework of occupational competence in the smart tourism industry, and future research can be extended to more industries and regions, and explore the dynamic influence mechanism. Read More

Abstract: Aiming at the insufficient forecasting accuracy of the traditional WRF-CMAQ model due to meteorological field uncertainty and emission inventory errors, this paper proposes a secondary modeling framework that integrates multi-source data with deep learning. The multi-pollutant concentration prediction accuracy is significantly improved by introducing the pseudo-unique thermal coded wind feature reconstruction, CEEMDAN adaptive noise cancellation technique, and combining the random forest feature selection with the LSTM-FNN combined model. Experiments show that the method has a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.76 μg/m³ in PM2.5 prediction at monitoring points A, B, and C, which is 8.3% lower than that of a single model, and its MAE is reduced to 13.53 μg/m³ for the CEEMDAN_IPSOSE_SVR model for ozone (O3), which is a 21% decrease from the baseline. The model achieves 92.7% accuracy in the identification of the top pollutants, and the relative error of AQI prediction is only 6.2%. This study provides a highly interpretable and robust technical solution for regional air quality forecasting. Read More

Abstract: This study explores the impact mechanism of portfolio optimization algorithms on fund performance. Based on theoretical analysis and empirical research, it is found that optimization algorithms significantly affect fund performance in three paths: return enhancement, risk control and cost management, but the effects are moderated by the market environment and algorithm type. Machine learning and hybrid optimization strategies exhibit better risk-adjusted returns, while traditional algorithms maintain value in specific market environments. The study reveals that optimization algorithms face three major challenges: model risk, market contrariness, and regulatory compliance, and proposes coping strategies based on multi-scenario testing and human-machine collaboration to provide theoretical guidance for the practical application of optimization algorithms. Read More

Abstract: In recent years, the automotive landscape has undergone a remarkable transformation, shifting from the roar of gasoline-powered engines to the serene silence of new energy vehicles. This paradigm shift is primarily driven by the substitution of gasoline with innovative energy sources, resulting in a quieter and cleaner driving experience. Given this backdrop, what constitutes new energy sources? What advantages do new energy vehicles offer? Will they eventually supersede traditional fuel-powered cars? And what lies ahead for their future development? To address these questions, the author has conducted a comprehensive research and analysis on new energy vehicles. Read More

Abstract: This research examines the process, dimensions, and effectiveness assessment of strategic customer management capability building in emerging market healthcare enterprises. Using a mixed-method approach with 224 questionnaire surveys and 35 in-depth interviews across six healthcare enterprises, the study constructs a comprehensive process system including customer classification and screening, strategic planning, implementation monitoring, and performance evaluation. The findings reveal that advanced implementers demonstrate significant advantages in relationship quality and strategic positioning, with specialized medical centers exhibiting the highest implementation maturity and corresponding performance. The research confirms digital capabilities as critical moderators of strategic customer management effectiveness (β=0.41, p<0.001), with organizations possessing advanced digital analytics and customer engagement platforms achieving 37.8% higher overall SCM performance. Longitudinal analysis shows non-linear customer satisfaction improvement trajectories over time, with comprehensive framework implementers experiencing significantly greater satisfaction improvements (15.9%) compared to partial implementers (7.8%). The study provides actionable frameworks for strategic customer management capability building in healthcare enterprises, emphasizing digital transformation as a foundational enabler of customer-centric excellence. Read More

Abstract: Realizing a dual-carbon city is an inherent requirement for promoting high-quality economic development and the construction of ecological civilization. The double difference method was used to empirically test the impact of Hefei's smart city policy on carbon emission reduction from 2006 to 2019. The results show that smart city construction significantly reduces urban carbon emission intensity and improves energy utilization efficiency. Based on this, relevant suggestions are put forward, such as formulating long-term, phased construction plans, aiming to promote green and low-carbon development of cities and achieve dual carbon goals. Read More

Abstract: As the foundational support for socioeconomic progress, regional population structure shapes long-term sustainable development. Using 2010 and 2020 census data for the Pearl River Delta, this study applies a spatiotemporal comparative framework to trace a decade of change in three dimensions: (1) The region is experiencing both declining birth rates and accelerated aging—marked by a shrinking workforce and higher dependency ratios. Worsening gender imbalance reflects delayed effects of past birth policies, selective labor migration, and enduring cultural preferences. (2) Industrial upgrading and rising education levels drive a dual shift. Guangzhou and Shenzhen have become service- and innovation-led post-industrial hubs, while outlying cities remain tied to low-end industries and lagging education, creating a clear development gap. (3) A “core-polarization, periphery-collapse” pattern dominates. Guangzhou and Shenzhen’ s pull on innovation factors intensifies population inflow, whereas peripheral areas like Zhaoqing face outmigration and stagnation. These findings highlight urgent needs to mitigate impending labor and eldercare shortages by refining fertility incentives and care systems; to align industry and education to break structural bottlenecks; and to develop regional coordination policies that ease core-city crowding and invigorate peripheral growth. This evidence underpins a nuanced understanding of multidimensional population-structure dynamics and guides tailored policy design. Read More